Kerly's Law of Trade Marks and Trade Names

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Contents
1 - Introduction
1.    The Origins of the Trade Marks Directive
2.    Statutory interpretation
3.    The Community trade mark
4.    Madrid Protocol
5.    Paris Convention
6.    Old authorities
7.    Common law
8.    Procedure
9.    Related rights
10.  This edition of Kerly
2 - A "Trade Mark" in EU Trade Mark Law
1.    The essential and other function of a trade mark
2.    How to define a trade mark?
3.    Does EU law define "trade mark"?
4.    Sign
5.    Graphical representation
6.    Capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those
       of other undertakings-unravelling the skein
7.    "in relation to goods or services" and retail services
3 - The UK Register of Trade Marks
1.    The Register
2.    The Comptroller or Registrar
3.    Division of the Register
4.    Entries on the Register
5.    Alteration of entries on the Register
6.    Inspection of the Register, and obtaining information
7.    Procedural matters concerning the Registry
4 - Classification of Goods and Services
1.    The classes
2.    Conversion
3.    Marks formerly associated
5 - UK Registration Procedure
1.    Preliminary
2.    Procedure on national application to register
3.    Opposition to registration
4.    Appeal from the Registrar
5.    Judicial status of opposition proceedings
6 - Community Trade Mark
1.    The relevant legislation
2.    The basic provision governing the registration of CTMs
3.    The structure of OHIM
4.    Capacity
5.    OHIM's language regime
6.    Representation
7.    Fees
8.    Time limits
9.    Evidence
10.  Decisions
11.  Appeals
12.  Correction of mistakes
13.  Communication with OHIM
14.  Costs in proceedings before OHIM
15.  The CTM application procedure: from filing to publication
16.  The opposition procedure
17.  Registration
18.  Division of a CTM application or registration
19.  Renewal
20.  Alteration of a CTM
21.  Surrender
22.  Dealings with CTMs
23.  Community collective marks
24.   The cancellation of CTMs by OHIM
25.  Enforcement of CTMs
26.  Conversion
27.  Enlargement of the European Union
7 - The Madrid System
1.   The Madrid Agreement and Protocol
2.   An overview of the system
3.   Fees for international Registrations
4.   United Kingdom and EU legislation implementing the protocol
5.   International registrations designating the UK
6.   International registrations originating in the UK
7.   Revocation and invalidity
8.   Central attack, dependency and transformation
9.   Effect of concurrent international and national registrations
10.  Dealings with international marks
11.  The link between the protocol and the CTM system
12.  The renewal of an international registration
8 - Absolute Grounds for Refusal of Registration
1.    Overview of absolute grounds
2.    Distinctive Character
3.    Interplay between the grounds in section 3(1) and common principles
4.    Section 3(1)(a), Article 3(1)(a), Article 7(1)(a)
5.    Section 3(1)(b)/Article (3)(1)(b), Article 7(1)(b) CTMR: non-distinctive marks
6.    Section 3(1)(c)/Article 3(1)(c), Article 7(1)(c) CTMR: descriptive marks
7.    Section 3(1)(d)/Article 3(1)(d), Article 7(1)(d) CTMR: generic marks
8.    Miscellaneous points
9.    Shapes - section 3(2)
10.  Public policy, deceptive marks
11.  Illegal marks - section 3(4)
12.  Specially protected emblems - sections 3(5), 4, 57 and 58
13.  Bad faith - section 3(6)
9 - Relative Grounds for Refusal of Registration
1.    Introduction
2.    Conflict with earlier right
3.    Honest concurrent use
4.   Acquiesence
5.   General matters
10 - Validity and Removal of Trade Marks from the Register
1.    Preliminary matters
2.    Invalidity
3.    Revocation for lack of use
4.    Common name in the trade
5.    Marks which have become misleading
6.    Procedure
7.    Surrender
8.    Expiry, renewal, removal and restoration
11 - Geographical Indications and Appellations of Origin
1.   Overview of protections outside the EU Regulation
2.    Regulation 510/2006 on the Protection of Geographical Indications of Origin for
       Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs
12 - Collective and Certification Marks
1.    Generally
2.    The Trade Marks Directive
3.    Collective marks
4.    Certification marks
5.    Differences between collective and certification marks
13 - Dealings With Trade Marks
1.   The scop of this chapter
2.   Introduction - the old law and policy
3.   Trade marks as property
4.   Assignments
5.   Registration of assignments and other transactions in the UK
6.   Registration of transfers and licences at OHIM
7.   Assignments without goodwill
8.   Unregistered trade marks
9.    Co-ownership
10.   Licensing of registered trade marks
11.   Stamp duty
14 - Infringement
1.    Preliminary
2.    Infringement of trade marks
3.   The general conditions for infringment
4.   The categories of infringment
5.   Ancillary matters
6.   Collective and certification marks
7.   Well-known marks
8. Further right conferred by the 1991 Act
15 -Defences
1.   Introduction
2.   Exclusions from infrigement addressed in this chapter
3.   Use in accordance with honest practices
4.   Use of own name or address
5.   Use of descriptive indications
6.   Use necessary to indicate purpose of a product or service
7.   Use and protection of an earlier right in a particular locality
8.   Use of own registration
9.   Statutory acquiescence
10.  Disclaimer or limitation
11.  Comparative advertising
12.  Use not affecting the functions of a trade mark
13.  Exhaustion
14.  Invalidity as a defence
15.  Use in relation to genuine goods
16.   Estoppel and acquiescence (non-statutory)
17.  Former defences no longer relevent in UK law
16 -Exhaustion
1.    Introduction
2.    The issues in arts 7(1) and 7(2)
3.    The basic rule of exhaustion
4.    The development and application of "exhaustion of rights"
5.    Parallel imports into the EEA
6.    Is there a way around Davidoff?
7.    Article 7(2): "legitimate reasons"
8.    Dose exhaustion apply to trade marks used in relation to services
17 - Competition Law And Trade Marks
1.    Introduction
2.    Articles 101 and 102 TFEU
3.    Competition Act 1998
4.    Trademarks and restraint of trade
18 - The Action For Passing Off
1.    Structure of this chapter
2.    Foundation and nature of the action
3.    Goodwill
4.    The limits of passing off
5.    Direct misrepresentation as to business or goods
6.    Imitations of trade or service marks
7.    Trading names
8.    Imitation of get-up
9.    Assessment and proof of likelihood of deception
10.  Defences
19 - Trade Libel And Threats
1.    Outline of chapter
2.    Trade libel generally
3.    "Puffery" not actionable; rival traders
4.    Construing the statement, and falsity
5.    Malice
6.    Proceedings
7.    Misleading reports of proceedings
8.    Threats
20 - Civil Proceedings for Trade Mark Infringement and Passing off
1.    Scope of this chapter
2.    Statutory action for trade mark infringement
3.    The claimant's title - infringement of registered trade marks
4.    Commencement of passing off or trade mark infringement action
5.    New patents County Court procedure
6.    Service out of the jurisdiction
7.    Jurisdiction over foreign trade marks
8.    Vicarious and joint liability
9.    Overview of relief granted
10.  Final injunctions
11.  Interim injunctions
12.  Enforcement and breaches of injunctions
13.  Erasure, destruction, delivery up
14.  Order for the dissemination and publication of judgments
15.  Financial remedies - damages and accounts of profits
16.  Costs
17.  Appeal
18.  Practice and evidence
19.  References to the CJEU
21 - Evidence
1.    Scope of chapter
2.    General considerations
3.    Surveys and questionnaires: evidence from consumers 
22 - Criminal Proceedings
1.    Outline
2.    Offences involving unauthorised use
3.    Offences of unauthorised use - procedure
4.    Falsifying the register
5.    Falsely representing a mark as registered
6.    Forfeiture of counterfeit goods and the like
7.    Misuse of Royal arms, devices, emblems and tiles
8.    Offences by partnerships and bodies corporate
23 - Customs Powers and Procedures
1.    Scope of chapter
2.    Legislation making up the domestic regime
3.    Legislation making up the community regime
4.    Interaction of the two regimes
5.    "Counterfeit" goods under the European regime
6.    Procedure under the European regimes
7.    Procedure in relation to goods seized by Customs under the domestic regime
8.    Condemnation proceedings under the domestic regime
9.    Disclosure of information by Customs
10.  Proposals for extending the European regime
24 - Character and Celebrity Merchandising
1.    Generally
2.    Registered Trade Marks
3.    Infringement
4.    Criminal Proceedings
5.    Passing off
6.    Domain names
25 - The Olympics
1.    Introduction
2.    The Association Right
3.    The London Olympics Right
26 - Company And Business Names
1.    Company names
2.    The Company Name Tribunal
3.    Misleading company names which cause harm to the public and other restrictions
       on company names
4.    Company trading disclosures
5.    Business names
6.    Overseas companies
27 - The Internet
1.    Mechanics
2.    Aspects of use peculiar to the internet
3.    Disputes over domain name registrations
4.    Jurisdiction and infringement
5.    Metatags, advertising keyworks and "invisible use"
28 -  Human rights and trade marks
1.    The influence of the Human Right Act
2.    Article 10-Freedom of expression
3.    Article 8 and Article 1, Protocol 1
Appendices
    Part I - The UK Act and Rules
    Part II - The TM Directive
    Part III - CTM Materials
    Part IV - Other European Materials
    Part V - Madrid Materials
    Part VI -  International Treaties and Rules
    Part VII -Customs Materials
    Part VIII - UK IP Procedural Rules
    Part IX - Other
   Index
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Author Details
Fifteenth Edition by
James Mellor,One of Her Majesty's Counsel, 8 New Square
David LLewelyn, Solicitor, Of Counsel, White & Case Professor of Intellectual Property
Law at King's College London
Thomas Moody-Stuart, Barrister, 8 New Square
David Keeling, Former Member, Boards of Appeal, OHIM
Iona Berkeley, Barrister, 8 New Square
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