The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA)

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Description
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, for over a century, was the guiding framework that governed the admissibility, relevance and reliability of evidence in Indian courts. However, with the changing needs of society and advancements in legal practice, it became evident that a more contemporary approach was required. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, emerged as a response to these evolving needs, replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and heralding a new era in the regulation of evidence law in India.
It is in this transformative context that I present Batuk Lal's The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The original work, Batuk Lal's Law of Evidence, has been an authoritative and trusted resource for law students, judicial aspirants, educators and legal professionals for decades. Now, with the enactment of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, it is only fitting that this seminal work is revised and updated to reflect the new law, maintaining its legacy while embracing the important reforms introduced by the 2023
statute.
The book provides a detailed commentary on the provisions of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, while also comparing these new provisions with those in the earlier Indian Evidence Act, 1872, offering readers a comprehensive understanding of the transition from the old to the new law. To assist readers in navigating the differences between the two laws, this edition includes two comparative tables: one compares the sections of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 with the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, and the other compares the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, with the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. These tables serve as a resourceful tool for students, legal practitioners and academics, making the comparison between the two acts straightforward and accessible. Additionally, given the substantial body of case law that has developed under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, this edition cross-references relevant case laws with the new sections of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. This cross-referencing ensures the readers to trace judicial interpretations under the old law and understand how similar issues may be dealt with under the new framework.
One of the defining features of Batuk Lal's Law of Evidence has always been its clear, concise and accessible stylean approach that made the complex subject of evidence law easier to understand for students and professionals alike. In this revised edition, every effort has been made to maintain that same reader-friendly style while ensuring that the latest provisions of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, are thoroughly covered.
It is my sincere hope that this edition will prove to be a reliable guide for students, judicial aspirants, legal professionals and academicians alike. I extend my deepest gratitude to M/s Central Law Agency, Prayagraj, for publishing this edition in record time.
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Table of Contents
Part I
Chapter 1. Preliminary
Part II
Chapter 2. Relevancy of Facts
Part III On Proof
Chapter 3. Facts which Need not be Proved
Chapter 4. of Oral Evidence
Chapter 5. of Documentary Evidence
Chapter 6. of the Exclusion of Oral by Documentary Evidence
Part IV Production  and Effect of Evidence
Chapter 7. Of the Burden of Proof
Chapter 8. Estoppel
Chapter 9. Of Witnesses
Chapter 10. Of Examination of Witnesses
Chapter 11. Of Improper Admission and Rejection of Evidence
Chapter 12. Repeal and Savings
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Author Details
Batuk Lal
Advocate