Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

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Description
Three closely related basic new enactments, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, having 170 sections, have become operative having 358 sections, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, having 531 sections with effect from July 1, 2024. The first one named above is the basic substantive criminal law of our country, the second is the basic criminal procedure and the third is the basic evidence law. The first one has replaced the Indian Penal Code, 1860, the second replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and the third replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
Most of the earlier Indian Penal Code sections have been retained in the new law, like organised crime, petty organised crime, terrorist act, act endangering sovereignty, many of them in independent form and many clubbed with others. Some new offences snatching etc. have been added alongwith Section 1(2) dealing with short title, commencement and application, Section 2(3) defining the word 'child', Section 2(39) dealing with meanings of words and expressions not defined, Section 48 dealing with abetment outside India for offence in India, Section 69 dealing with sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means, Section 73 dealing with printing or publishing any matter relating to Court proceedings without permission and Section 95 dealing with hiring,
employing or engaging a child to commit an offence, etc. A new punishment in the form of community service has also been added. Rearrangement of sections in large scale has taken place resulting in new numbers being allotted to offences. There are twenty chapters in all containing 358 sections. Chapter I dealing with preliminary has short title, commencement and application under six sub-sections of Section 1. Section 2 dealing with definitions of various words used in the enactment has thirty-nine sub-sections arranged in alphabetical order, a welcome change. General explanations have been covered under nine sub-sections in Section 3. Chapter II deals with punishments, Chapter III with general exceptions, Chapter IV with abetment, criminal conspiracy and attempt, Chapter V with offences against woman and child, brought much earlier, Chapter VI with offences affecting the human body, also brought much earlier, Chapter VII with offences against the State, Chapter VIII with offences relating to the army, navy and air force, Chapter IX with offences relating to elections, Chapter X with offences relating to coin, currency- notes, bank-notes, and Government stamps, Chapter XI with offences against the public tranquility, Chapter XII with offences by or relating to public servants, Chapter XIII with contempts of the lawful authority of public servants, Chapter XIV with false evidence and offences against public justice, Chapter XV with offences affecting the public health, safety, convenience, decency and morals, Chapter XVI with offences relating to religion, Chapter XVII with offences against property, far away from Chapter VI with offences affecting the human body, Chapter XVIII with offences relating to documents and to property marks, Chapter XIX with criminal intimidation, insult, annoyance, defamation. etc. and Chapter XX with repeal and savings. How far good or bad is this arrangement in comparison to the earlier Indian Penal Code is for the people to judge.
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Contents
Chapter 1. Preliminary
Chapter 2. Of Punishments
Chapter 3. General Exceptions
Chapter 4. Of Abetment, Criminal Conspiracy and Attempt
Chapter 5. Of Offences Against Woman and Child
Chapter 6. Of Offences Affecting the Human Body
Chapter 7. Of Offences Against the State
Chapter 8. Of Offences Relating to the Army, Navy and Air Force
Chapter 9. Of Offences Relating to Elections
Chapter 10. Of Offences Relating to Coin, Currency - Notes, Bank - Notes, and Government Stamps
Chapter 11. Of Offences Against the Public Tranquality
Chapter 12. Of Offences by or Relating to Public Servents
Chapter 13. Of Contempts of the Lawful Authority of Public Servants
Chapter 14. Of False Evidence and Offences Against Public Justice
Chapter 15. Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals
Chapter 16. Offences Relating to Religion
Chapter 17. Of Offences Against Property
Chapter 18. Of Offences to Documents and to Property Marks
Chapter 19. Of Criminal Intimidation, Insult, Annoyance
Chapter 20. Repeal and Savings
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Author Details
The author is a teacher of more than forty eight years standing. He had a good academic career and took his master's degree in law with flying colours. He received his doctorate in law in the year 1977. He was selected as an Associate Professor while he was in his early thirties and was later on selected as one of the youngest Professors of Law in India. He has all along been regarded as a first rate teacher. In his illustrious career he has held many academic and administrative positions with distinction including that of the Dean, Students' Welfare and Foreign Students' Advisor, Head of the Department, Dean, Faculty of Law and Principal, University Law College. He has also been a member of the Syndicate and Senate of the University and a member of the UGC Law Panel. Presently he is Emeritus Professor of Law at Manipal University, Jaipur. He has conducted and attended a large number of seminars, symposiums, conferences and workshops. He was requested by the Bar Council of Rajasthan to conduct a workshop on Criminal Law in 1986 which he conducted with distinction. He has written extensively, especially in the field of Criminal Law, Law of Tort and Interpretation of statutes. His books 'The Indian Penal Code', 'Bhartiya Dand Samhita', The Interpretation of Statutes', 'Contempt Law', 'State and Society' and 'Qanotinon Ka Nirvachan' have established his credentials as a writer. He has also been actively associated with major academic and confidential work undertaken by institutions of very high repute. Eight teachers and one member of the judiciary have obtained doctorates under his supervision.